Assessment is a cornerstone of education, enabling teachers to measure student understanding and track progress over time. It not only guides instructional decisions but also contributes to student success and teacher effectiveness.

Through assessment, educators gain valuable insight into learners' knowledge, skills, and development, while also identifying the adjustments needed in teaching. When assessment practices are well designed and applied effectively, they foster better learning outcomes and promote a culture of continuous improvement in schools and classrooms.

Formative Assessment
Formative assessment takes place during the learning process. Its purpose is to provide ongoing feedback that supports both teaching and learning. By monitoring progress throughout instruction, educators can identify gaps, adapt lessons, and offer timely interventions that enhance student learning.

To maximize effectiveness, formative assessment must be consistent and accompanied by constructive, timely feedback that students can use to strengthen their understanding and performance.

Summative Assessment
Summative assessment occurs at the end of an instructional period and evaluates mastery of knowledge and skills. It is often used to assign grades, determine readiness for advancement, or measure overall achievement.

Examples include final examinations, standardized tests, end-of-unit assessments, and research projects. The results can be used to design targeted interventions for struggling students. Sharing outcomes with learners promotes self-awareness, encourages reflection, and helps cultivate a growth-oriented mindset.

Performance-Based Assessment
Performance-based assessment requires learners to demonstrate knowledge, skills, and abilities through real-world tasks such as projects, presentations, or experiments. These methods provide authentic evidence of learning and prepare students to apply their education in practical, meaningful contexts.